Fifes are small 6-holed transverse flutes, usually pitched in Bb, C, or D. Special fingerings
enable the player to play very high notes, extending the range well past the "natural" 2-octave range into a third octave. These are essential in marching bands as well as fife and drum corps for the ability of the piercing high notes to cut through the drums and other instruments in an unamplified outdoors setting.
Fifes are widely used by Colonial and Civil War re-enactment groups.